ATI Pathophysiology Practice Exam

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for the control of involuntary respirations?

1. Cerebellum

2. Medulla oblongata

3. Pons

4. Cerebrum

The correct answer is: Medulla oblongata

The medulla oblongata is the part of the central nervous system that plays a crucial role in the control of involuntary respirations. This structure, located in the brainstem, contains the respiratory center, which regulates the rhythm and depth of breathing automatically, without conscious effort. The medulla responds to changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the blood, adjusting the rate of respiration accordingly to maintain homeostasis. While the pons also contributes to respiratory control by modulating the activity of the medulla and promoting smooth transitions between inhalation and exhalation, the primary responsibility for initiating and maintaining the involuntary aspects of breathing lies with the medulla oblongata. The cerebellum primarily coordinates voluntary movements and balance, and the cerebrum is involved in higher-order functions, including thinking and voluntary actions, but does not directly control involuntary respiration.